Fjell Industries AS
Smålonane 5
PB 404, 5343 Straume
Tlf: (+47) 56 31 26 00
Fax: (+47) 56 33 07 30
post@fjellindustries.com |
The Meat and Bone Industry
The meat and bone industry shows many similarities to the fish meal industry. Generally in a slaughterhouse approx 30 % of the slaughtered specimen is not further processed for human consumption. Specimens for slaughtering will normally cattle, sheep, pigs, or poultry products. Recovery of blood is also considered to be a part of rendering processes.By-products processes entail a number of processes.
Following the outbreak of BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) in Europe in the early 1990 strict sterilization rules apply. Other countries, such as the US and Australia have not made sterilization a requirement.
A sterilization process combined with a so called dry rendering process may typically be visualized as shown below
In dry rendering the solids in the raw material stays with the fat through the drying process only to be separated in a dry condition. It is also possible to spilt the solid/liquid fraction after sterilisation and separate the fat from the water, a so called wet rendering process. In such cases sterilised product is directed to a separation device which may be a twin screw press of a decanter.
This device will separate a wet cake, low in fat which will be directed to the drier. The water/oil phase will be directed to a centrifuge where fat will be separated from water. The water part, stickwater will be concentrated and the concentrate will be directed to a drier.
Chicken byproducts will entail both the meaty parts of the slaughterhouse offal and feathers. The meaty offal can be processed much like the processes shown above, whereas feathers must be hydrolysed in order to render proteins accessible for the consumers. Rendering of feathers therefore normally starts with a hydrolysing process, either batch or continuous followed by drying or splitting/evaporation and drying. Rendering of blood follows much the same lines as feathers. Blood will coagulate at approx 50 - 60 ºC, wherefore a controlled coagulation, often by direct steam is the start of the process. Coagulated blood is then dried directly or directed to a decanter for splitting, followed by evaporation and drying.:
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Sterilisers:
Batch sterilizers
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Presses:
Twin screw presses,
Expeller presses
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Decanters Centrifuges:
Horisontal scroll decanters,
Tricanters, Disc centrifuges,
Disc type polishers
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Evaporators:
Multiple effect evaporators, rising film, falling film,
MVR evaporators, falling film.,
Waste heat evaporators (WHE) Rising film and falling film,
Finishing evaporators, forced flash units
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Driers/Cookers:
Disc driers,
Tube driers,
Hot air driers
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Hydrolysers:
Batch hydrolysers,
Continuous hydrolysers
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